某型军用发动机使用可靠性评估

某型军用航空发动机在实际使用中故障频发,为了寻找制约整机可靠性提高的薄弱环节,提高飞机战备完好性,提出了基于部件系统及其重要性的航空发动机可靠性评估方法。并依据外场故障数据,利用该方法对某型发动机的使用可靠性进行了评估。采用层次分析方法（AnalyticHierarchyProcess,AHP）,建立了具有3层评估指标的整机使用可靠性评估系统。运用数理统计的方法,根据同类型故障的寿命分布模型计算其可靠性指标。运用加权融合的方法获得部件系统及整机的平均故障间隔时间TM,用以评估发动机的使用可靠性,为该型发动机各个部件系统的外场维护及定检时间提供了参考。     

运载火箭远程故障诊断技术综述

介绍运载火箭领域故障诊断技术的发展和各种方法的特点,将诊断技术按照基于阈值的判别机制、基于知识库的专家系统诊断方法、基于模型的故障诊断方法、基于自学习的推理机制、基于信息融合的故障诊断方法以及自主诊断技术六大类进行分析,同时介绍美国、日本以及中国新一代运载火箭(NGLV)在故障诊断上所取得的最新进展。在此基础上,针对远程发射支持系统(LSS)的特点,提出该领域故障诊断技术的发展方向。     

军用运输机运输效能指标

给出了运输任务类型和运输效能定义,从效果与耗费两方面着手建立了运输效能指标体系,将运输效能归纳为安全性、质量或体积、距离、准确性、时间、场地、人员、设备及费用等9种因素,在确立各个因素运输效能单项指标的基础上提出了一种运输效能综合指标,以四种典型运输任务为例,建立了常用的运输效能指标。     

基于参数辨识原理的飞机参数分析及算法研究

提出一种在飞机概念设计中基于参数辨识理论的设计参数分析方法。在给定的设计重量和任务剖面要求下,利用基于物理的运动方程和动力学方程模型辨识出飞机气动力参数,并在总体性能评估的基础上进行设计参数分析,给气动设计提供了设计参考;在辨识过程中针对参数可行域离散度很高使得很难收敛到Pareto解的问题,提出了将神经网络预测模型融合到遗传操作过程,使得尽量在可行域内搜索。最后通过对某客机进行算例分析,表明基于辨识理论的参数分析方法和改进的算法是合理和可行的。与一般经验公式方法相比,该方法对布局类型的限制较小,在满足概念设计参数分析准确度要求的条件下能够为下一步的气动设计提供设计指标。     

Rainfall retrieval over Indian land and oceanic regions from SSM/I microwave data

Present study focuses on the estimation of rainfall over Indian land and oceanic regions from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F-13. Based on the measurements at 19.35, 22.235 and 85.5 GHz channels of SSM/I Satellite, scattering index (SI) has been developed for the Indian land and oceanic regions separately. These scattering indices were co-located against rainfall from Precipitation Radar (PR) onboard Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) to develop a new regional relationship between the SI and the rain rate for the Indian land and oceanic regions. A non-linear fit between the rain rate and the SI is established for rain measurement. In order to have confidence in our method, we have also estimated rainfall using the global rainfall and scattering index relationship developed by Ferraro and Marks [Ferraro, R.R., Marks, G.F. The development of SSM/I rain rate retrieval algorithms using ground based radar measurements. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. 12, 755–770, 1995]. The validation with the rain-gauge shows that the present scheme is able to retrieve rainfall with better accuracy than that of Ferraro and Marks (1995). Further intercomparison with TRMM-2A12 and validation with rain-gauges rainfall showed that the present algorithm is able to retrieve the rainfall with reasonably good accuracy.     

星敏感器用仪器星等的确定

仪器星等对正确评估星敏感器的灵敏度、捕获概率以及建立导航星表都有重要的意义。理论推导了色指数与接受器和恒星辐射之间的关系,证明星敏感器仪器星等可以由波段星等线性拟合得出,在此基础上由蓝光和可见光波段星等拟合计算了星敏感器的仪器星等,并与实测计算数据做了对比,结果表明用色指数计算仪器星等是可行的。更进一步对误差产生的原因也作了分析探讨,结合最近天文学的研究成果,提出了改进方法,从而使获得的拟合仪器星等与通过13波段观星数据计算得出的仪器星等的标准差不超过0.1个星等,满足当前星敏感器的要求。     

Storm-time atmospheric density modeling using neural networks and its application in orbit propagation

Upper atmospheric densities during geomagnetic storms are usually poorly estimated due to a lack of clear understanding of coupling mechanisms between the thermosphere and magnetosphere. Consequently, the orbit determination and propagation for low-Earth-orbit objects during geomagnetic storms have large uncertainties. Artificial neural networks are often used to identify nonlinear systems in the absence of rigorous theory. In the present study, an attempt has been made to model the storm-time atmospheric density using neural networks. Considering the debate over the representative of geomagnetic storm effect, i.e. the geomagnetic indices ap and Dst, three neural network models (NNM) are developed with ap, Dst and a combination of ap and Dst respectively. The density data used for training the NNMs are derived from the measurements of the satellites CHAMP and GRACE. The NNMs are evaluated by looking at: (a) the mean residuals and the standard deviations with respect to the density data that are not used in training process, and (b) the accuracy of reconstructing the orbits of selected objects during storms employing each model. This empirical modeling technique and the comparisons with the models NRLMSIS-00 and Jacchia-Bowman 2008 reveal (1) the capability of neural networks to model the relationship between solar and geomagnetic activities, and density variations; and (2) the merits and demerits of ap and Dst when it comes to characterizing density variations during storms.     

S型进气道沿程结冰参数变化的数值模拟

采用欧拉-欧拉法,对低来流马赫数和大气结冰条件下S型进气道沿程的空气-过冷水滴两相流场进行了数值计算,获得了进气道沿程和出口面上结冰参数的分布和变化特征.计算结果表明:当来流马赫数从0.1增加到0.5时,进气道入口处附近相对于来流的气动降温从6K增大到17K左右,进气道出口面上的温度畸变指数逐渐增大,液态水含量畸变指数先急剧增大后缓慢减小,在研究范围内来流马赫数为0.2时液态水含量畸变值达到最大.      

基于核部分非负矩阵分解的亚像元级地物光谱分析

为了进一步提高亚像元级地物的光谱分析精度,提出了一种基于核部分非负矩阵分解(Kernel Protection Non-negative Matrix Factorization,KPNMF)的非线性解混算法.首先通过基于凸面几何理论的端元提取方法提取纯像元端元候选像素集合,然后根据候选像素的空间纯度指数判断纯像元端元.在纯像元端元信息已知的条件下,利用核方法对部分非负矩阵分解(Protection Non-negative Matrix Factorization,PNMF)进行推广,构造相应的目标函数,推导迭代求解过程,分解求得亚像元端元光谱和所有端元的丰度.试验结果表明,提出的解混算法具有良好的非线性分解能力,解混结果优于线性解混算法.     

一种新型的挠性航天器作动器布局优化方案

针对挠性航天器振动抑制中的作动器优化配置问题,综合考虑闭环系统的可控度和作动器的电缆长度,提出一种新型的复合优化指标,在完成振动抑制的同时,有效缩减作动器电缆长度,减小航天器能量损耗及电磁干扰;在此基础上,采用遗传算法,完成作动器安装位置的快速寻优。本文采用实际尺寸的挠性帆板有限元模型,通过大量的数值仿真,验证了所提方法的有效性